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香港汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽(qi)車(che)要跑(pao)得快,就(jiu)必須要有(you)(you)強勁的動(dong)(dong)力(li)。目前(qian)汽(qi)車(che)的動(dong)(dong)力(li)系(xi)統可(ke)粗分為自(zi)然進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)統及增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)統兩(liang)大類(lei)。在(zai)歐洲跑(pao)車(che)中,除(chu)了寶(bao)馬(ma)汽(qi)車(che)公(gong)司(si)依然堅持使用(yong)自(zi)然進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機外(wai),其他(ta)各汽(qi)車(che)公(gong)司(si)為了提升車(che)輛的動(dong)(dong)力(li)性能(neng),紛紛采用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統,例(li)如:奔馳跑(pao)車(che)使用(yong)機械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統,紳寶(bao)汽(qi)車(che)則為渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的開(kai)山鼻祖。近(jin)年日系(xi)汽(qi)車(che)也開(kai)始(shi)大量采用(yong)渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)技術。自(zi)然進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)統沒有(you)(you)安裝任何(he)形式(shi)的增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器,只是(shi)利用(yong)活塞下行所(suo)產生的負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來吸(xi)進(jin)混合氣(qi)(qi)。雖然自(zi)然進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系(xi)統通過可(ke)變(bian)氣(qi)(qi)門正(zheng)時系(xi)統能(neng)夠得到(dao)較(jiao)大的馬(ma)力(li)輸出,但動(dong)(dong)力(li)的提升很有(you)(you)限。為了有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)增(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的輸出功(gong)率,采用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統可(ke)說是(shi)最有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的方式(shi)。

最常見的發動(dong)機(ji)增(zeng)壓系(xi)統有(you)機(ji)械增(zeng)壓與廢氣渦輪增(zeng)壓兩種。

機械增壓

發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)方式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)進行增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya),稱為機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)。當(dang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)時(shi),通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)由發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲軸(zhou)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)齒(chi)輪驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)。增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)一般采(cai)用(yong)離心式(shi)(shi)或羅茨壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),個(ge)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)螺桿式(shi)(shi)壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來(lai),在(zai)國(guo)外也(ye)開始(shi)采(cai)用(yong)新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)渦(wo)旋(xuan)式(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)。因為驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)耗了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功(gong)率(lv),所(suo)以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱效率(lv)不一定(ding)(ding)得到改善,有(you)(you)時(shi)反而比非增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還低(di)些。選擇(ze)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)時(shi),首先要(yao)保證能(neng)達到所(suo)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)有(you)(you)效壓(ya)力(li),其(qi)次要(yao)獲得盡可能(neng)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)。擔這兩(liang)個(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)對于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)來(lai)說常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是相互矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果追(zhui)求(qiu)平均(jun)有(you)(you)效壓(ya)力(li),則必然(ran)導(dao)致機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)效率(lv)降低(di),燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)升高。因此(ci),增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)壓(ya)力(li)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選取應在(zai)功(gong)率(lv)和燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)兩(liang)者之間尋(xun)求(qiu)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妥協方案。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)系(xi)統目前在(zai)歐洲車上(shang)用(yong)得較普遍。由于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是在(zai)曲軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)下持續地運轉(zhuan),因此(ci)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)像渦(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)輪遲(chi)滯(zhi)現象。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)雖(sui)然(ran)只能(neng)提升約10%20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)輸出,但平順連續性是渦(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)不及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

廢氣渦輪增壓

利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)量驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器,稱為(wei)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(簡稱渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)),如圖所示是(shi)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)在渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器和(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)之間沒有機(ji)(ji)械(xie)連接(jie)。它們之間靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)相通。因為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)消耗的(de)(de)功是(shi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中回收的(de)(de)一部分(fen)能(neng)量,所以(yi)(yi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)不僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)功率,而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)其熱效率,降(jiang)低燃(ran)油(you)(you)消耗率。如果在轎車尾部看(kan)到Turbo或者(zhe)T的(de)(de)標識,即表(biao)明(ming)該車采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)。渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器實際上是(shi)臺(tai)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji),它是(shi)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)排出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun),渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)又帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)同軸的(de)(de)葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)由空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濾(lv)清器管道送來(lai)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),使空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)。當(dang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速提(ti)高(gao)(gao),廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)排出(chu)(chu)速度(du)與渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)速也同步提(ti)高(gao)(gao),葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)就壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)更多的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)和(he)密度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大可(ke)以(yi)(yi)燃(ran)燒更多的(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you)(you),相應增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加油(you)(you)量和(he)調整一下(xia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速,就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)功率。


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