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五家渠汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽車(che)要跑(pao)得快,就必須要有(you)強勁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力。目(mu)前汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力系(xi)統(tong)可粗(cu)分為(wei)自(zi)然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)及增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)兩大類。在(zai)歐(ou)洲跑(pao)車(che)中,除了(le)寶(bao)馬汽車(che)公司(si)依然(ran)堅(jian)持使(shi)用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)發動機外,其他(ta)各(ge)汽車(che)公司(si)為(wei)了(le)提(ti)升車(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力性能(neng),紛紛采(cai)(cai)用(yong)增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong),例(li)如:奔馳跑(pao)車(che)使(shi)用(yong)機械增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong),紳寶(bao)汽車(che)則為(wei)渦輪增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)鼻祖。近年日(ri)系(xi)汽車(che)也開(kai)始大量采(cai)(cai)用(yong)渦輪增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)技術。自(zi)然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)沒有(you)安裝任何形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器,只是(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)活塞下行所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負壓(ya)(ya)來吸進(jin)(jin)混合(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。雖然(ran)自(zi)然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)通過可變氣(qi)(qi)(qi)門正(zheng)時(shi)系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)夠得到較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬力輸出,但動力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升很有(you)限。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效增(zeng)加發動機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功(gong)率,采(cai)(cai)用(yong)增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)可說是(shi)(shi)最有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。

最常見的發動機(ji)增壓系統有機(ji)械(xie)增壓與廢氣渦輪增壓兩種。

機械增壓(ya)

發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)以(yi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)方(fang)式(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)進(jin)行增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),稱(cheng)為機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)采(cai)用(yong)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時,通(tong)常由發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)曲軸通(tong)過齒輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)離心式(shi)或羅茨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji),個別的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)螺桿式(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)。近年來(lai),在(zai)國外也(ye)開始采(cai)用(yong)新型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)渦(wo)(wo)旋式(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。因為驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)耗了(le)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)率(lv),所(suo)以(yi)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)熱效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定得到改善,有時反(fan)而比非增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)內燃(ran)機(ji)還(huan)低(di)些。選擇增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)時,首先要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)能達到所(suo)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)有效(xiao)(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li),其次(ci)要(yao)(yao)獲(huo)得盡可能低(di)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)。擔這兩個要(yao)(yao)求對于(yu)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)說(shuo)常常是(shi)相互(hu)矛(mao)盾的(de)(de)(de)。如果追求平均(jun)有效(xiao)(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li),則必(bi)然導(dao)致機(ji)械(xie)(xie)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)降低(di),燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)升高。因此,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)值的(de)(de)(de)選取應在(zai)功(gong)率(lv)和燃(ran)油消(xiao)(xiao)耗率(lv)兩者之間尋求最佳的(de)(de)(de)妥協方(fang)案。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統目前(qian)在(zai)歐洲車上用(yong)得較(jiao)普(pu)遍。由于(yu)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)是(shi)在(zai)曲軸的(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下持續地運轉,因此不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)產生像渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)遲(chi)滯現象。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖(sui)然只能提(ti)升約10%20%的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)輸出(chu),但平順連(lian)續性是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)所(suo)不(bu)及的(de)(de)(de)。

廢氣渦輪增壓

利用發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)能量(liang)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi),稱(cheng)為廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(簡稱(cheng)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)),如圖所示是(shi)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)。廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的特點(dian)是(shi)在渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和(he)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間沒有機(ji)(ji)(ji)械連接。它們之(zhi)間靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)相通。因為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)消(xiao)耗的功是(shi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)回收(shou)的一部分能量(liang),所以(yi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不僅(jin)可以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的功率,而(er)且可以(yi)提高其熱效率,降低燃油消(xiao)耗率。如果在轎(jiao)車尾部看到Turbo或(huo)者T的標識,即表明(ming)該車采用的發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的。渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)實(shi)際上是(shi)臺空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji),它是(shi)利用發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)排出(chu)的廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性推動(dong)(dong)(dong)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)又帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)同軸的葉輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮由空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濾清器(qi)管道送來的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),使空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)。當發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)提高,廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)排出(chu)速(su)(su)度與渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)也同步提高,葉輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)就壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮更多的空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang),空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力和(he)密(mi)度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大可以(yi)燃燒更多的燃油,相應增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加油量(liang)和(he)調(diao)整一下(xia)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的轉(zhuan)速(su)(su),就可以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的輸出(chu)功率。


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