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武漢汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽(qi)車要(yao)跑得快,就(jiu)必須(xu)要(yao)有(you)強(qiang)勁的(de)動(dong)力(li)(li)。目前汽(qi)車的(de)動(dong)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可粗分為(wei)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)及增(zeng)壓進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大(da)類。在(zai)歐洲(zhou)跑車中,除了寶(bao)馬(ma)汽(qi)車公司(si)(si)依(yi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)堅持使用(yong)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)發動(dong)機外(wai),其(qi)他各汽(qi)車公司(si)(si)為(wei)了提升車輛的(de)動(dong)力(li)(li)性能,紛紛采(cai)用(yong)增(zeng)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),例(li)如(ru):奔馳跑車使用(yong)機械增(zeng)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),紳寶(bao)汽(qi)車則為(wei)渦輪增(zeng)壓的(de)開山鼻祖。近年日系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)汽(qi)車也開始大(da)量采(cai)用(yong)渦輪增(zeng)壓技術。自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)沒有(you)安裝(zhuang)任何形式(shi)的(de)增(zeng)壓器,只是(shi)利(li)用(yong)活塞下行(xing)所產生的(de)負(fu)壓來吸(xi)進(jin)(jin)混合氣(qi)。雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)(ran)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)通過可變氣(qi)門正時系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能夠(gou)得到較大(da)的(de)馬(ma)力(li)(li)輸出,但動(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)提升很有(you)限。為(wei)了有(you)效增(zeng)加發動(dong)機的(de)輸出功(gong)率,采(cai)用(yong)增(zeng)壓系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可說是(shi)最有(you)效的(de)方式(shi)。

最常見的(de)發動機(ji)(ji)增壓(ya)系統(tong)有機(ji)(ji)械增壓(ya)與廢氣渦輪增壓(ya)兩(liang)種(zhong)。

機械增壓

發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)方式驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器進行增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),稱為機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時,通常由發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲軸(zhou)通過(guo)齒(chi)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)離(li)心式或羅茨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),個(ge)別的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)螺桿(gan)式壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來(lai),在國外(wai)也(ye)開始采(cai)(cai)用(yong)新型的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)渦(wo)旋(xuan)式增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。因為驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)消耗(hao)(hao)了(le)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一定的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率(lv),所以機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)效(xiao)率(lv)不一定得(de)(de)到(dao)改善,有時反(fan)而比非增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還低(di)些(xie)。選擇增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)時,首先要(yao)保證能達到(dao)所要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)平均有效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li),其(qi)次要(yao)獲得(de)(de)盡可能低(di)的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油消耗(hao)(hao)率(lv)。擔(dan)這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)要(yao)求對于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)說(shuo)常常是相(xiang)互矛盾(dun)的(de)(de)(de)。如果追(zhui)求平均有效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li),則必(bi)然導致機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)效(xiao)率(lv)降低(di),燃(ran)油消耗(hao)(hao)率(lv)升高。因此,增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值的(de)(de)(de)選取應在功(gong)率(lv)和燃(ran)油消耗(hao)(hao)率(lv)兩(liang)者之間尋(xun)求最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)妥(tuo)協方案。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統目前在歐洲車上用(yong)得(de)(de)較(jiao)普遍。由于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是在曲軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)下持續(xu)(xu)地運轉,因此不動(dong)(dong)(dong)產生像渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)輪(lun)遲滯現象。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖然只能提升約(yue)10%20%的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)輸(shu)出(chu),但平順連續(xu)(xu)性是渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所不及的(de)(de)(de)。

廢氣渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)壓

利用發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)能量驅(qu)動(dong)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓器(qi),稱(cheng)為廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(簡稱(cheng)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓),如(ru)圖所(suo)示是廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓系統。廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是在渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓器(qi)和(he)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)之(zhi)間沒(mei)有(you)機(ji)械連接。它們(men)之(zhi)間靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)路相(xiang)通。因(yin)為壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功是渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)回收的(de)(de)(de)(de)一部(bu)分能量,所(suo)以(yi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)不僅可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率,而(er)且可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)其熱效率,降低(di)燃(ran)油(you)消耗(hao)率。如(ru)果在轎車尾部(bu)看到Turbo或者T的(de)(de)(de)(de)標識(shi),即表明該車采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)是渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)。渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓器(qi)實際上是臺空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓縮(suo)機(ji),它是利用發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)排出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性推動(dong)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun),渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)又(you)帶(dai)動(dong)同(tong)軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉輪(lun)(lun)壓縮(suo)由空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濾(lv)清(qing)器(qi)管道送來的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓后進入(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸。當發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao),廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)排出(chu)速(su)度(du)與渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)也同(tong)步提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao),葉輪(lun)(lun)就壓縮(suo)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力和(he)密度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)可(ke)以(yi)燃(ran)燒(shao)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you),相(xiang)應(ying)增(zeng)(zeng)加油(you)量和(he)調(diao)整一下發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su),就可(ke)以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)功率。


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