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臺州汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽(qi)(qi)車(che)要(yao)跑(pao)得快,就必須(xu)要(yao)有強勁的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)。目前汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可粗分(fen)為(wei)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)進(jin)氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)及增(zeng)壓(ya)進(jin)氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。在歐洲跑(pao)車(che)中,除了(le)(le)寶馬汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)司依然(ran)(ran)堅(jian)持使用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)進(jin)氣發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)外(wai),其他(ta)各汽(qi)(qi)車(che)公(gong)司為(wei)了(le)(le)提(ti)升車(che)輛的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)性能,紛紛采用(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),例如:奔馳跑(pao)車(che)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)械增(zeng)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),紳寶汽(qi)(qi)車(che)則為(wei)渦輪(lun)增(zeng)壓(ya)的(de)(de)開(kai)山鼻祖。近年(nian)日系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)也開(kai)始大量采用(yong)(yong)(yong)渦輪(lun)增(zeng)壓(ya)技(ji)術。自(zi)然(ran)(ran)進(jin)氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)沒(mei)有安裝任(ren)何形式(shi)的(de)(de)增(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi),只是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)活塞下行所產生的(de)(de)負(fu)壓(ya)來吸進(jin)混合(he)氣。雖然(ran)(ran)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)進(jin)氣系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)通過可變氣門正時系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能夠(gou)得到較大的(de)(de)馬力(li)輸出(chu),但動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)提(ti)升很(hen)有限。為(wei)了(le)(le)有效增(zeng)加(jia)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)率,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可說是(shi)最有效的(de)(de)方式(shi)。

最常見(jian)的發動(dong)機增(zeng)壓系統有機械增(zeng)壓與廢(fei)氣渦(wo)輪增(zeng)壓兩種。

機械增壓(ya)

發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)以機(ji)(ji)(ji)械方式(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器進行增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),稱為(wei)(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi),通常(chang)(chang)由發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)曲軸通過齒輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器一般采(cai)用離心式(shi)(shi)或羅茨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji),個別的(de)(de)采(cai)用螺桿(gan)式(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來,在(zai)國(guo)外也(ye)開(kai)始采(cai)用新型的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋式(shi)(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。因為(wei)(wei)驅動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)消耗(hao)了發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)一定(ding)的(de)(de)輸出功(gong)(gong)率(lv),所以機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)熱效(xiao)率(lv)不一定(ding)得(de)到(dao)改善(shan),有時(shi)反而(er)比(bi)非增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)還低些。選擇增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力時(shi),首先要保(bao)證能(neng)達(da)到(dao)所要求的(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均有效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力,其次要獲得(de)盡可能(neng)低的(de)(de)燃油(you)消耗(hao)率(lv)。擔這兩(liang)個要求對于機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來說常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)相互矛盾的(de)(de)。如(ru)果追求平(ping)(ping)均有效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力,則必然(ran)(ran)導致機(ji)(ji)(ji)械效(xiao)率(lv)降低,燃油(you)消耗(hao)率(lv)升高。因此,增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值的(de)(de)選取應在(zai)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)和(he)燃油(you)消耗(hao)率(lv)兩(liang)者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)尋(xun)求最佳的(de)(de)妥協方案(an)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統目(mu)前(qian)在(zai)歐(ou)洲車上用得(de)較普遍(bian)。由于機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)曲軸的(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下持續地(di)運(yun)轉,因此不動(dong)(dong)產生像(xiang)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)遲滯現象。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖然(ran)(ran)只能(neng)提升約10%20%的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力輸出,但(dan)平(ping)(ping)順連續性(xing)是(shi)(shi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所不及的(de)(de)。

廢氣(qi)渦輪增壓

利(li)(li)用發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)量(liang)驅動(dong)(dong)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi),稱(cheng)為(wei)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(簡稱(cheng)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)),如圖所示是(shi)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統。廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)在渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)和發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)沒有機(ji)(ji)械(xie)連接。它(ta)們之間(jian)靠(kao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)路相通。因為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)功是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中回收的(de)(de)(de)一部分能(neng)量(liang),所以(yi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)不僅可以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv),而且可以(yi)提高(gao)其熱效率(lv),降低燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油消耗(hao)率(lv)。如果(guo)在轎車(che)尾部看到(dao)Turbo或(huo)者(zhe)T的(de)(de)(de)標識,即表明該車(che)采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)。渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)實(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)臺空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji),它(ta)是(shi)利(li)(li)用發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)排(pai)出的(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性(xing)推動(dong)(dong)渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)又(you)帶動(dong)(dong)同(tong)軸的(de)(de)(de)葉輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮由空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濾清器(qi)(qi)管道送(song)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸。當發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉速提高(gao),廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)排(pai)出速度與渦(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轉速也同(tong)步提高(gao),葉輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)就壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力和密度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)可以(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)更(geng)(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油,相應增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)油量(liang)和調整一下(xia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉速,就可以(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸出功率(lv)。


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