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齊齊哈爾汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽車(che)(che)(che)要跑得快,就必須要有(you)強勁的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)。目(mu)前(qian)汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)粗分(fen)為自然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)及增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)進(jin)(jin)氣系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類。在歐洲跑車(che)(che)(che)中,除了(le)寶(bao)馬汽車(che)(che)(che)公司依然(ran)堅持使用(yong)自然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)外,其他各汽車(che)(che)(che)公司為了(le)提升車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)性能,紛紛采用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),例如:奔馳(chi)跑車(che)(che)(che)使用(yong)機(ji)械增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),紳(shen)寶(bao)汽車(che)(che)(che)則為渦輪增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)開山鼻(bi)祖。近年日系(xi)汽車(che)(che)(che)也(ye)開始大量采用(yong)渦輪增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)技術。自然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)沒(mei)有(you)安裝(zhuang)任(ren)何(he)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi),只是利(li)用(yong)活(huo)塞(sai)下行所產生的(de)(de)(de)負壓(ya)(ya)來(lai)吸進(jin)(jin)混(hun)合(he)氣。雖然(ran)自然(ran)進(jin)(jin)氣系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)通過可(ke)(ke)變氣門正時系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)能夠(gou)得到較大的(de)(de)(de)馬力(li)輸出,但(dan)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)提升很有(you)限。為了(le)有(you)效(xiao)增(zeng)(zeng)加發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸出功率,采用(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)說(shuo)是最有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)。

最常見(jian)的發動機(ji)增壓系統有機(ji)械增壓與廢氣渦(wo)輪(lun)增壓兩種。

機械增壓

發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)方(fang)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器進行增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),稱為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當(dang)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi),通(tong)常(chang)(chang)由發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲軸通(tong)過齒(chi)輪驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)離心式(shi)或(huo)羅茨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),個別的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)螺桿式(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),在國外也(ye)開始采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)渦(wo)(wo)旋式(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器。因(yin)為(wei)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)了發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功率(lv),所(suo)以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱效率(lv)不(bu)一定得到(dao)改善,有時(shi)反而比非增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還低些。選(xuan)擇(ze)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)時(shi),首先(xian)要(yao)保證能(neng)達到(dao)所(suo)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)平均有效壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li),其次(ci)要(yao)獲得盡可能(neng)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)率(lv)。擔這(zhe)兩個要(yao)求對于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)說常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)相(xiang)互矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果追求平均有效壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li),則必然導(dao)致(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)效率(lv)降低,燃(ran)油(you)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)率(lv)升高(gao)。因(yin)此(ci),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)取應在功率(lv)和燃(ran)油(you)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)率(lv)兩者之間(jian)尋求最佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妥協方(fang)案。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統(tong)目前在歐洲車上用(yong)(yong)得較(jiao)普(pu)遍(bian)。由于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)在曲軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)下持(chi)續地運轉,因(yin)此(ci)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)產生(sheng)像渦(wo)(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)(wo)輪遲滯現(xian)象(xiang)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖(sui)然只(zhi)能(neng)提升約10%20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)輸出,但平順(shun)連(lian)續性是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)不(bu)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

廢氣渦輪增壓(ya)

利用(yong)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能量(liang)驅動(dong)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi),稱(cheng)為(wei)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(簡稱(cheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)),如圖(tu)所(suo)示是(shi)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統。廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)在渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)和發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間沒有機(ji)(ji)(ji)械連接(jie)。它(ta)們之(zhi)間靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路相通。因為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)回收的(de)(de)一部分能量(liang),所(suo)以渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不僅可(ke)以增(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv),而且可(ke)以提(ti)高其熱(re)效率(lv),降低燃(ran)油(you)消耗(hao)率(lv)。如果在轎車(che)尾部看到Turbo或者T的(de)(de)標識,即表(biao)明該車(che)采用(yong)的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)。渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)實際上是(shi)臺空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)(ji)(ji),它(ta)是(shi)利用(yong)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)排(pai)出(chu)的(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性推動(dong)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun),渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)又帶動(dong)同軸(zhou)的(de)(de)葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮由空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濾清器(qi)管道送來的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)。當發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉速提(ti)高,廢(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)排(pai)出(chu)速度(du)與(yu)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轉速也同步提(ti)高,葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)就壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)和密度(du)增(zeng)(zeng)大可(ke)以燃(ran)燒更(geng)多(duo)的(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you),相應增(zeng)(zeng)加油(you)量(liang)和調(diao)整一下發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉速,就可(ke)以增(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。


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