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秦皇島汽車渦輪增壓器接頭廠家

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汽車渦輪增壓器接頭

汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)要(yao)跑得快,就必須要(yao)有(you)強勁的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)。目(mu)前汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統可(ke)粗分為(wei)自(zi)然(ran)進氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)統及增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)統兩(liang)大(da)類(lei)。在歐洲跑車(che)(che)(che)中(zhong),除了(le)寶(bao)馬(ma)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公司依然(ran)堅持使用自(zi)然(ran)進氣(qi)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)外,其他各汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)公司為(wei)了(le)提升車(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)性能,紛紛采用增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統,例如(ru):奔馳跑車(che)(che)(che)使用機(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統,紳寶(bao)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)則(ze)為(wei)渦輪增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開山(shan)鼻祖。近年(nian)日系(xi)(xi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)也開始(shi)大(da)量采用渦輪增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)技術。自(zi)然(ran)進氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)統沒(mei)有(you)安裝任(ren)何(he)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器,只是利用活塞下行(xing)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)來吸進混合氣(qi)。雖然(ran)自(zi)然(ran)進氣(qi)系(xi)(xi)統通過可(ke)變氣(qi)門(men)正時系(xi)(xi)統能夠(gou)得到(dao)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)力(li)輸出,但動(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升很有(you)限。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效增(zeng)加發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功(gong)率,采用增(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統可(ke)說是最有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式。

最常見的(de)發動機(ji)增(zeng)壓系統(tong)有機(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)壓與廢(fei)氣渦輪增(zeng)壓兩種。

機械(xie)增壓(ya)

發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)方(fang)式(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)進行(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),稱為機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。當發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi),通常(chang)由(you)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲(qu)軸(zhou)通過齒輪(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)一般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)離(li)心式(shi)或羅茨壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),個別(bie)的(de)(de)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)螺桿(gan)式(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來(lai)(lai),在(zai)國外也開始采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新型(xing)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)渦(wo)旋(xuan)式(shi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)。因(yin)為驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)了發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一定的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率,所以(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)熱效(xiao)率不(bu)一定得到(dao)改善,有(you)時(shi)反(fan)而(er)比非增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還低些。選(xuan)擇增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力時(shi),首先(xian)要(yao)保證能(neng)達(da)到(dao)所要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)平均(jun)(jun)有(you)效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力,其次要(yao)獲得盡可能(neng)低的(de)(de)燃油消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)率。擔這兩(liang)個要(yao)求(qiu)對于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來(lai)(lai)說常(chang)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)相互矛盾的(de)(de)。如果(guo)追求(qiu)平均(jun)(jun)有(you)效(xiao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力,則必然(ran)(ran)導致機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)效(xiao)率降低,燃油消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)率升高(gao)。因(yin)此,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力值的(de)(de)選(xuan)取應在(zai)功(gong)率和燃油消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)率兩(liang)者之(zhi)間(jian)尋求(qiu)最佳的(de)(de)妥協方(fang)案。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)目前(qian)在(zai)歐洲車上用(yong)(yong)得較普(pu)遍(bian)。由(you)于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)曲(qu)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)下持續地運轉,因(yin)此不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)產生像渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)渦(wo)輪(lun)遲滯現象。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖然(ran)(ran)只能(neng)提升約10%20%的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出(chu),但平順(shun)連續性是(shi)(shi)渦(wo)輪(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所不(bu)及的(de)(de)。

廢氣(qi)渦輪增壓(ya)

利(li)用(yong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能量驅動渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi),稱(cheng)為(wei)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(簡稱(cheng)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)),如圖所(suo)示是(shi)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統。廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)在(zai)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)之間沒有(you)機(ji)械連接。它們之間靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)相通(tong)。因為(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)功是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)從廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中回收(shou)的(de)(de)一(yi)部分能量,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)不僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)功率,而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)其熱效率,降低燃油(you)消耗(hao)率。如果(guo)在(zai)轎車尾部看到Turbo或者(zhe)T的(de)(de)標識(shi),即(ji)表明該車采用(yong)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)是(shi)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)。渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)實際上是(shi)臺空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji),它是(shi)利(li)用(yong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)排出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)慣性推動渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun),渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)又帶動同(tong)軸的(de)(de)葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)由空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濾清器(qi)(qi)管道(dao)送來的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),使空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)后進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)。當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)轉速提高(gao),廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)排出(chu)(chu)速度與渦(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)輪(lun)(lun)轉速也同(tong)步提高(gao),葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)就壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)更(geng)多的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang),空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力和(he)(he)密度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大可(ke)以(yi)(yi)燃燒更(geng)多的(de)(de)燃油(you),相應增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加油(you)量和(he)(he)調整一(yi)下發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)轉速,就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)功率。


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