變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)大(da)致有手動變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)、普通自(zi)(zi)動變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)/普通自(zi)(zi)動變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)帶(dai)(dai)手自(zi)(zi)一體、CVT無級變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)/CVT帶(dai)(dai)檔位的變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)、雙離合變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)、序列變(bian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)(xiang)等類別。

按傳動(dong)比變劃分

（1）有(you)級式(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)：有(you)級式(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)是使用最(zui)廣的(de)(de)一種。它(ta)采用齒輪傳動(dong)，具有(you)若干(gan)個(ge)定值傳動(dong)比(bi)(bi)。按所用輪系(xi)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)不同，有(you)軸線固(gu)定式(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(普(pu)通變(bian)(bian)速器(qi))和軸線旋轉(zhuan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(行星齒輪變(bian)(bian)速器(qi))兩種。轎車和輕、中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)貨車變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)比(bi)(bi)通常有(you)3-5個(ge)前進檔(dang)和一個(ge)倒檔(dang)，在重(zhong)型(xing)(xing)貨車用的(de)(de)組(zu)合式(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)中(zhong)，則有(you)更多檔(dang)位(wei)。所謂變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)檔(dang)數(shu)即指其(qi)前進檔(dang)位(wei)數(shu)。

（2）無(wu)級(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)：無(wu)級(ji)(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比在一定的(de)數(shu)值(zhi)范圍內可按無(wu)限多級(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，常(chang)見的(de)有電(dian)(dian)力(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和液力(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(動(dong)(dong)(dong)液式(shi)(shi)(shi))兩種。電(dian)(dian)力(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)級(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)的(de)變(bian)(bian)速傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)件為直流串激電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，除(chu)在無(wu)軌電(dian)(dian)車上應用外，在超重型自卸車傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系中也有廣泛采用的(de)趨勢(shi)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)液式(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)級(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)件為液力(li)變(bian)(bian)矩(ju)器(qi)(qi)。

無級(ji)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)屬于(yu)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)的一(yi)種(zhong)，但(dan)它能(neng)克服(fu)普通(tong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)“突然換擋”、油門反應(ying)慢、油耗(hao)高(gao)等缺點。它由(you)兩(liang)組變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)輪盤和一(yi)條(tiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)組成的。因此，其比傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)結構簡單，體(ti)積更小。另外，它可以(yi)自(zi)由(you)改變(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比，從(cong)而實現全(quan)程無級(ji)變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)，使汽車的車速(su)(su)(su)變(bian)化平穩，沒有傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統變(bian)速(su)(su)(su)器(qi)換擋時那種(zhong)“頓”的感覺。

傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)里，傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)被(bei)一(yi)對(dui)滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)和(he)一(yi)只鋼(gang)(gang)制皮(pi)帶所取代，每個滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)其實是由兩(liang)(liang)個椎形盤組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)V形結構，引擎軸連(lian)接小滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)，透過鋼(gang)(gang)制皮(pi)帶帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)大滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)。玄(xuan)機(ji)就出在這特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)上：CVT的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)滑(hua)輪(lun)(lun)構造(zao)比較奇怪，分(fen)成活動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)左右兩(liang)(liang)半，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)對(dui)接近或(huo)分(fen)離。錐型盤可(ke)在液(ye)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)推力(li)作用下(xia)收緊或(huo)張開，擠壓鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)鏈(lian)條以(yi)(yi)此來(lai)調節(jie)V型槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬度(du)。當錐型盤向(xiang)內側移動(dong)(dong)(dong)收緊時，鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)鏈(lian)條在錐盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)擠壓下(xia)向(xiang)圓心以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)（離心方向(xiang)）運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，相(xiang)反會向(xiang)圓心以(yi)(yi)內運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這樣，鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)鏈(lian)條帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓盤直徑(jing)增大，傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比也就發(fa)生了變化。